References

Some of the articles and books that we have read, not all recent articles are included yet. This part is not updated during the last years, to many articles and little time.

Öhman A, Nilsson S, Lagerkvist A-L, Beckung E 2009 Are infants with torticollis at risk for having a delay in achieving early motor milestones compared with a control group of healthy infants? Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 51: 545550.

Akazawa H, Nakatsuka Y, Miyake Y, Takahashi Y. Congenital muscular torticollis: Long-term follow-up of thirty-eight partial resections of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 1993;112:205-209.

 

Adams SB, Flynn JM, Halsikar H, Hunter J, Finkel R. Torticollis in infant caused by hereditary muscle aplasia. Am J Orthop. 2003;32(11):556-558.

 

American academy of pediatrics, policy. The changing concept of sudden infant death syndrome: diagnostic coding shifts, controversies regarding the sleeping environment, and new variables to consider in reducing risk. Pediatrics. 2005;116:1245-1255.

 

Adams SM, Good MW, MD, Defranco GM. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Am Fam Physician. 2009;79(10):870-874.

 

Arbogast KB, Gholve PA, Freidman JE, Maltese MR, Tomasello MF, Dormans JP. Normal cervical spine range of motion in children 3-12 years old. Spine. 2007;32(10)E309-E315.

 

Argenta LC, David LR, Wilson JA, Bell WO. An increase in infant cranial deformity with supine sleeping position. J Craniofac Surg. 1996;7(1):5-11.

 

Bailey DK. The normal cervical spine in infants and children. Radiology. 1952;59(5):712-719.

 

Ballock Rt, Song KM. The prevalence of nonmuscular causes of torticollis in children. J Pediatr Othop. 1996;16(4):500-504.

 

Barlett D. The conservative treatment of congenital muscular torticollis .Canadian Physioterapy Assosiation Pediatric Division Newsletter. 1988 Spring 1-6.

 

Beckung E. Development and validation of a measure of motor and sensory function in children with epilepsy. Pediatr Phys Ther 2000;12:24-35.

 

Bennet GC. Screnning for congenital dislocation of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg (Br). 1992;74:643-644.

 

Bharadwaj VK. Sternomastoid myoplasty: surgical correction of congenital torticollis. J Otolaryngol. 1997;26(1):44-48.

 

Biggs WS. Diagnosis and management of positional head deformity. Am Fam Physician. 2003 May 1;67(9):1953-1956.

 

Binder H, Eng G.D, Gasier J.F. & Koch B. Congenital muscular torticollis: results of conservative management with long-term follow-up in 85 cases. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1987;68:222-225.

 

Blanchard Y, Neilan E, Busanich J, Garavuso L, Klimas D. Interrater reliability of early intervention providers scoring the alberta infant motor scale. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2004;16(1):13-18.

 

Boere-Boonekamp MM, van der Linden-Kuiper LT LT. Positional preference: prevalence in infants and follow-up after two years. Pediatrics. 2001;107(2):339-343.

 

Bradley NS. Motor control: developmental aspects of motor control in skill acquisition. In: Campbell SK, Vander Linden DW, Palisano RJ. Physical therapy for children. United states: WB Saunders Company; 2006.

 

Brofin DR. Misshapen heads in babies: Position or pathology? The Ochsner Journal. 2001;3(4):191-199.

 

Bruton A, Conway JH, Holgate ST. Reliability : What is it, and how is it measured. Physiother. 2000;86(2):94-99.

 

Burstein FD, Cohen SR. Endoscopic surgical treatment for congenital muscular torticoolis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1998;101(1):20-24.

 

Bialocerkowski AE, Vladusic SL, Wei NgC. Prevalence, risk factors, and natural history of positional plagiocephaly: a systematic review. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2008;50.577-586.

 

Calcaterra J, Littlefield T, Beals S. Evaluation of a new severity assessment scale for deformational plagiocephaly. Paper presented at the Association of Children's ProstheticOrthotic Clinics Annual Meeting; Banff, Alberta, Canada; 2004.

 

Campbell SK, Van der Linden DW, Palisano RJ. Physical therapy for children. 3th ed. United States: WB Saunders Company; 2006.

 

Canale ST, Griffin DW, Hubbard CN. Congenital muscular torticollis. A long-term follow-up. J Bone Surg. AM. 1982 ;64:810-816.

 

Celayir AC. Congenital muscular torticollis: early and intensive treatment is critical. A prospective study. Pediatr Int. 2000;42:504-507.

 

Chang PY, Tan CK, Huang YF, Sheu JC, Wang NL, Yeh ML, Chen CC. Torticollis a long-term follow-up study. Acta Pead Sin. 1996;37:173-177.

 

Chen MM, Chang HC, Hisieh CF, Yen MF, Chen THH. Predictive model for congenital muscular torticollis: analysis of 1021 infants with sonography. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005;86:2199-2203.

 

Chen CE, Ko JY. Surgical treatment of muscular torticollis for patients above 6 years of age. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2000;120:149-151.

 

Cheng JCY, & Au AWY. Infantile torticollis: A review of 624 cases. J Pediatr Orthop. 1994;14:802-808

 

Cheng JCY, Tang SP. Outcome of surgical treatment of congenital muscular torticollis. Clin Orthop. 1999;362:190-200.

 

Cheng J.C.-Y., Tang S.P., Chen T.M.K Sternocleidomastoid Pseudotumor and Congenital Muscular Torticollis in Infants: A prospective study of 510 cases. Pediatrics. 1999;134(6):712-716.

 

Cheng J, Metrewell C, Chen T, Tang SP. Correlation of ultrasonographic imaging of congenital muscular torticollis with clinical assessment in infants. Med &Biol. 2000;26(8):1237-1241.

 

Cheng JCY, Tang SP, Chen TMK, Wong MWN, Wong EMC. The clinical presentation and outcome of treatment of congenital muscular torticollis in infants-a study of 1086 cases. J Pediatr Surg. 2000;35(7):1091-1099.

 

Cheng JCY, Wong MWN, Tang SP Chen TMK, Shum SLF, Wong MA. Clinical determinants of the outcome of manual stretching in the treatment of congenital muscular torticollis in infants. J Bone Joint Surg AM. 2001;83:679-687.

 

Chui TTW, Lam TH, Hedley AJ. Maximal isometric muscle strength of the cervical spine in healthy volunteers. Clin Rehab. 2002;16:772-779.

 

Clarren SK. Plagiocephaly and torticollis: Etiology, natural history and helm treatment. J Pediatrics. 1981;98(1):92-95.

 

Cavalier A, Picot MC, Artiaga C, Mazurier E, Amilhau MO, Froye E, Captier G, Picaud JC. Prevention of deformational plagiocephaly in neonates. Early Hum Dev. 2011;87:537-543.

 

Chizawsky LLK, Scott-Findlay S. Tummy time! Preventing unwanted effects of the "Back to Sleep" campaign. AWHONN Lifelines. 2005;9:382-387.

 

Clarren SK. Plagiocephaly and torticollis: Etiology, natural history and helm treatment. J Pediatrics. 1981;98(1):92-95.

 

Collett BR, Starr JR, Kartin D, Heike CL, Berg J, Cunningham ML, Speltz ML. Development in toddlers with and without deformational plagiocephaly. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2011;165:653- 658.

 

Collett BR, Aylward EH, Berg J, Davidoff C, Norden J, Cunningham ML, Speltz ML. Brain volume and shape in infants with derfomational plagiocephaly. Child Nervs Syst. 2012;28:1082-1090.

 

Collett BR, Gray KE, Starr JR, Heike CL, Cunningham ML, Speltz ML. Development at age 36 months in children with deformational plagiocephaly. Pediatrics 2013;13:e109-115.

 

Christensen ,Ostergaard JR, Norholt SE. Positional plagiocephaly. Ugeskr Laeger. 2002;165:46-50.

 

Daltveit AK, Irgrens LM, Öyen N, Skjaerven R, Markestad T, Wennergren G. Circadian variations in sudden infant death syndrome : associations with maternal smoking, sleeping position and infections. The Nordic epidemiological SIDS study. Acta Paediatr. 2003;92:1007-1013.

 

Danielsson L, Willner S. Barnortopedi. 4th ed. Lund. Studentlitteratur; 1999. (In Swedish).

 

Davis BE, Moon RY, Sachs HC, Ottolini MC. Effects of sleep position on infant motor development. Pediatrics. 1998;102:1135-1140.

 

Davis J, Wenger D, Mubarak S. Congenital muscular torticollis: sequela of intrauterine or perinatal compartment syndrome. J Pediatr Orthop. 1993:13:141-147.

 

Department of nutrition, World Health organisation, Geneva, Switzerland and members of the WHO multicentre growth reference study group. Assessment of differences in linear growth among populations in the WHO multicentre growth reference study. Acta Paed. 2006; suppl 450:56-65.

 

Department of nutrition, World Health organisation, Geneva, Switzerland and members of the WHO multicentre growth reference study group. Assessment of sex differences and heterogeneity in motor milestones attainment among populations in the WHO multicentre growth reference study. Acta Paed. 2006; suppl 450:66-75.

 

Dewey C, Fleming P, Golding J. Does the supine sleeping position have any adverse effects on the child? II. Development in the first 18 months. Pediatrics.  1998;101(1):e5-e9.

 

Do TT. Congenital muscular torticollis: current consepts and review of treatment. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2006;18(1):26-29.

 

Dudek-Shriber L, Zelazny S. The effects of prone positioning on the quality and acquisition of developmental milestones in four-month-old infants. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2007;19:48-55.

 

Emery C. The determinants of treatment duration for congenital muscular torticollis. Phys Ther. 1994;74(10): 921-928.

 

Fejer R, Kyvik KO, Hartvigsen J. The prevalence of neck pain in the worl population: a systematic critical review of the literature. Eur Spine J. 2006;15(6):834-848.

 

Finch E, Brooks D, Stratford P, Mayo N. Physical rehabilitation outcome measures. A guide to enhanced clinical decision making. 2th ed. Philadelphia. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2002.

 

French LM, Dietz FR. screening for developmental dysplasia for the hip. Am Fam Physician. 1999;60(1):177-184.

 

Graham JM Jr, Gomez M, Halberg A, Earl DL, Kreeutzman JT, Cui J, Guo X. Management of deformational plagiocephaly: repositioning versus orthotic therapy. J Pediatr. 2005;146(2):258-262.

 

Gray´s Anatomy, Editor-in-chief Standring S, 39th ed. Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2005.

 

Greenberg MF, Pollard ZF. Ocular plagiocephaly: ocular torticollis with skull and facial asymmetry. Ophthalmology. 2000;107(1):173-178.

 

Golden KA, Beals SP, Littlefield TR, Pomatto JK. Sternocleidomastoid imbalance versus congenital muscular torticollis: their relationship to positional plagiocephaly. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1999;36(3):256-261.

 

González-Iglesias J, Fernández-de-las-penas C, Cleland J, Huijbregts P, Del Rosario Guitiérrez-Vega M. Short-term effects of cervical kinesio taping on pain and cervical range of motion in patients with acute whiplash injury: A randomized clinical trial. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2009;39:515-521.

 

Hayashi S, Ito K, Kogure T, Shimada M, Tsubuku M, Kaneko I, Kusama K. Clinical evaluation of congenital muscular torticollis by using MR imaging. Nippon Acta Radiol. 1995;55:957-960.

 

Ho BCS, Lee EH, Singh K. Epidemiology, presentation and management of congenital muscular torticollis. Singapore Med J. 1999;40(11):675-679.

 

Holle B. Barns motoriska utveckling. Stockholm, Natur o Kultur; 1978. pp 18, 23, 127. (In Swedish).

 

Hollier L, Kim J, Grayson B, McCarthy J. Congenital muscular torticollis and the associated craniofacial changes. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000;105:827-835.

 

Hoving JL,nPool JJM, van Mameren H, Deville WJLM, Assendelft WJJ, de Vet HCW, de Winter AF, Koes BK, Bouter LM. Reproducibility of cervical range of motion in patients with neck pain. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2005;6:59-67.

 

Hripcsak G, Heitjan DF. Measuring agreement in medical informatics reliability studies. J Biomed Inform. 2002;35(2):99-110.

 

Hsieh Y, Tsai F, Lin C, Chang F, Tsai C. Breech deformation complex in neonates. J Reprod Med. 2000;45:933-935.

 

Hsu TC, Wang CL, Wong MK, Hsu KH, Tang FT, Chen HT. Correlation of clinical and ultrasonographic features in congenital muscular torticollis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1999;80:637-641.

 

Hummel P, Fortado D. Impacting infant head shapes. Adv Neonatal Care. 2005;5(6):329-340.

 

Hutchison BL, Thompson JM, Mitchell EA. Determinants of nonsynostotic plagiocephaly: a case-control study. Pediatrics. 2003 Oct;112(4):e316.

 

Hunter, J. G.; Malloy, M. H. Effect of sleep and play positions on infant development: reconciling developmental concerns with SIDS prevention. Newborn & Infant Nursing Reviews. 2002;2:9-16.

 

Hutchison BL, Hutchison LAD, Thompson JMD Mitchell EA. Plagiocephaly and Brachycephaly in the First Two Years of Life: A Prospective Cohort Study. Pediatrics 2004;114 (4):970-980.

 

Hutchison L, Stewart A, Mitchell E. Infant sleep position, head shape concerns, and sleep positioning devices. J Paediatr Child Health. 2007;43:243-248.

 

Hutchison BL, Stewart AW, Mitchell EA. Characteristics, head shape measurements and developmental delay in 287 consecutive infants attending a plagiocephaly clinic. Acta Pædiatrica. 2009;98:1494-1499.

 

Huchison BL, Stewart AW, de ChalainT, Mitchell EA. Serial developmental assessment in infants with derformational Plagocephaly. J Peadiatr Child Health. 2012;48(3):274-8.

 

Ippoliti E, Tudisco C, Massobrio M. Long-term result of open sternocleidomastoid tenotomi for idiopathic muscular torticollis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1985;67:30-38.

 

Ippolito E, Tudisco C. Idiopathic muscular torticollis in adults. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 1986;105:49-54.

 

Itio E, Funayama K, Suzuki T, Kamio K, Sakurai M. Tenotomy and postoperative brace treatment for muscular torticollis. Contemp Orthop. 1990;20(5):515-523.

 

Jantz JW, Blosser CD, Fruechting LA. A motor milestone change noted with a change in sleep position. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1997;151:565-568.

 

Jeng S-F, Yau K-I T, Chen L-C, Hsiao S-F. Alberta infant motor scale: reliability and validity when used on preterm infants in Taiwan. Phys Ther. 2000;80(2):168-178.

 

Jennings JT, Sarbaugh BG, Payne NS. Conveying the message about optimal infant position. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr. 2005;25(3):3-18.

 

Jones P. Torticollis in infancy and childhood. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C Thomas; 1968.

 

Joganic JL, Lynch JM, Littlefield TR, Verrelli BC. Risk Factors associated with deformational plagiocephaly. Pediatrics 2009;124(6):e1126-1133.

 

Jonsell R. Infants should sleep in supine position. The risk of skull deformities can be prevented. Läkartidningen. 1999;96:1404-1405.

 

Kane AA, Mitchell LE, Craven KP, Marsch JL. Observations on a recent increase in plagiocephaly without synostosis. Pediatrics. 1996;(6 Pt 1):877-885.

 

Kendall HO, Kendall FP. Developing and maintaining good posture. Physical Therapy. 1968;48(4):319-336.

 

Kiwak K.J. Establishinging an Etiology for Torticollis. Postgraduate Medicine. 1984;75.7:126-137.

 

Kumandas S, Per H, Gumus H, Tucer B, Yikilmaz A, Kontas O, Coskun A, Kurtsoy A. Torticollis secondary to posterior fossa and cervical spinal cord tumors: report of five cases and literature review. Neurosurg Rev. 2006;29(4):333-338.

 

Kurtycz DF, Logrono R, Hoerl HD, Heatley DG. Diagnosis of fibromatosis colli by fineneedle aspiration. Diagn Cytopathol. 2000;23(5):338-342.

 

Kennedy E, Majnemer A, Farmer J-P, Barr RG, Platt RW. Motor development of infants with positional plagiocephaly. Physical and occupational therapy in pediatrics. 2009;29:222-235.

 

Knudsen B, Christensen K, Baagoe S, Hoppe P, Juhl C, Buus L, Linding Jakobsen T. Positional plagiocephaly in infants can be prevented. Ugeskr Laeger. 2011;173(9):644-648

 

Komotar, R. J.; Zacharia, B. E.; Ellis, J. A.; Feldstein, N. A.; Anderson, R. C. Pitfalls for the pediatrician: positional molding or craniosynostosis? Pediatr Ann. 2008;35:365-375.

 

Kuo Y-L, Liao H-F, Chen P-C, Hsieh W-S, Hwang A-W. The influence of wakeful prone positioning on motor development during early life. Journal of developmnetal and behavioral pediatrics. 2008;29:367-376.

 

Landis JR. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 1977;33:159-174.

 

Larin HM. Motor learning: theories and strategies for the practitioner. In: Campbell SK, Vander Linden DW, Palisano RJ. Physical therapy for children. 3th ed. United states. WB Saunders Company; 2006.

 

Lee E.H., Kang Y.K, Bose K. Surgical correction of muscular torticollis in the older children. J Pediatr Orthop. 1986;6(5):585-589.

 

Lee J-H, Yoo W-G and Lee K-S. Effects of head-neck rotation and kinesio taping of the flexor muscles on dominant-hand grip strength. J Phys Ther Sci 2010;22:285-289.

 

Leung YK, Leung PC. The efficacy of manipulative treatment for sternomastoid tumors. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1987;69-B:473-478.

 

Liao PM, Campbell SK. Examination of the item structure of the Alberta infant motor scale. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2004;16:31-38.

 

Lidge RT, Bechtol RC, Lambert C N. Congenital Muscular Torticollis. Etiology and pathology. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 39-A, 1957;1165-1182.

 

Lin JN, Chou ML. Ultrasonographic study of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in the management of congenital muscular torticollis. J Pediatr Surg. 1997;32(11):1648-1651.

 

Lindberg T, Lagercrantz H. Barnmedicin. Lund Studentlitteratur; 1999. pp 177-180, 586. (In Swedish).

 

Lindskog BI, Zetterberg BL. Medicinsk terminoliogi lexikon. Stockholm, Nordisk

bokhandels förlag. 1981. p 478. (In Swedish).

 

Littlefield TR, Pomatto JK, Kelly KM. Dynamic orthotic cranioplasty: treatment of the older infant. Neurosurg Focus. 2000;9(3):e5.

 

Losee JE, Mason AC 2005 Deformational plagiocephaly: Diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Clinics in Plastic Surgery 32: 5364.

 

Littlefield TR, Pomatto JK, Kelly KM. Dynamic orthotic cranioplasty: treatment of the older infant. Neurosurg Focus. 2000;9(3):e5.

 

Laughlin J, Luerssen TG. Dias MS. Prevention and Management of Positional Skull Deformities in Infants. Pediatrics. 2011;128:1236-1241.

 

Lauritzen C. TarnowP. Assymetric skull? Early correct diagnosis is a must! Positional skull deformities can be avoided. Läkartidningen. 1999;96:1447-1453.

 

Lennartsson F. Developing Guidelines for Child Health Care Nurses to Prevent Nonsynostotic Plagiocephaly. Journal of Pediatric Nursing. 2011;26:348-358.

 

Lennartsson F. Testing guidelines for child health care nurses to prevent nonsynostotic plagiocephaly: a Swedish pilot study. Journal of Pediatric Nursing. 2011;26:541.551.

 

MacKinven J, McGuinness CL, Pascal E, Woods RL. Clinical grading of the upper palpebral conjunctiva of non-contact lens wearers. Optom Vis Sci. 2001;78(1):13-18.

 

Majnemer A, Barr RG. Influence of supine sleep positioning on early motor milestones acquisition. Dev Med Child Neuro. 2005;47:370-376.

 

Mandalozzo J, Goldenburg JD. Pseudotumor of infancy – the role of ultrasonography. Ear Nose Throat J. 1996;75(4):248-254.

 

Mildred J, Beard K, Unwin J. Play position is influenced by knowledge of SIDS sleep position recommendations. J Paediatr Child Health. 1995;31:499-502.

 

Minamitani K, Inoue A, Okuno T. Result of surgical treatment of muscular torticollis for patients >6 years of age. J Pediatr Orthop. 1990;6:754-759.

 

Monson RM, Deitz J, Kartin D. The relationship between awake positioning and motor performance among infants who slept supine. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2003;15:196-203.

 

Morrison DL, MacEwen GD. Congenital muscular torticollis: Observations regarding clinical findings, associated conditions, and results of treatment. J Pediatr Orthop. 1982;2:500-505.

 

Moss SD. Nonsurgical, nonorthotic treatment of occipital plagiocephaly : what is the natural history of the misshapen head ? J Neurosurg. 1997 ;87(5) :667-670.

 

Mulliken JB, Vander Woude DL, Hansen M, LaBrie RA, Scott RM. Analysis of posterior plagiocephaly : deformational versus synostotic. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1999;103(2):371-380.

 

Majnemer A, Barr RG. Association between sleep position and early motor development.  J Pediatr 2006;149:623-629.

 

McGarvey C, McDonnell M, Chong A, O'Regan M, Matthews T. Factors relating to the infant's last sleep environment in sudden infant death syndrome in the Republic of Ireland. Arch Dis Child. 2003;88:1058-64

 

McKinney CM, Cunningham ML, Holt VL Lerouxd B, StarrJR. A case–control study of infant, maternal and perinatal characteristics associated with deformational plagiocephaly.  Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology. 2009;23:332-345.

 

Miller LC. Johnson A, Duggan L, Behm M. Consequences of the “Back to Sleep” Program in Infants. Journal of Pediatric Nursing. 2011;26:364-368.

 

Moss SD. Nonsurgical, nonorthotic treatment of occipital plagiocephaly : what is the natural history of the misshapen head ? J Neurosurg. 1997 ;87(5) :667-670.

 

Mulliken JB, Vander Woude DL, Hansen M, LaBrie RA, Scott RM. Analysis of posterior plagiocephaly : deformational versus synostotic. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1999;103(2):371-380.

 

Najarian SP. Infant cranial molding deformation and sleep position: implications for primary care.J Pediatr Health Care. 1999;13:173-177.

 

Norkin CC, White DJ. Measurement of joint motion. A guide to goniometry. 2th ed, Philadelphia. F.A. Davis Company; 1995.

 

Nield LS, Brunner MD, Kamat D. The infant with a misshapen head. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2007;46:292-298.

 

 

Ogden JA. Radiology of postnatal skeletal development. XI. The first cervical vertebra. Skeletal Radiol. 1984;12(3):12-20.

 

Oh AK, Hoy EA, Rogers GF 2009 Predictors of severity in deformational plagiocephaly. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 20 (Suppl. 1): 685689

 

Oh I, Nowacek CJ. Surgical release of congenital torticollis in adults. Clin Orthop Relat Researh. 1978;(131):141-145.

 

Palmer CM. Handbook of obstetric anaesthesia. Oxford, GBR: BIOS Scientific Publishers Ltd; 2002. p 173.

 

Pernoll ML. Benson& Peroll ML. Benson& Pernoll´s handbook of obstetrics & gynecology. Blacklick, OH, USA: McGraw-Hill Companies; 2001.

 

Persing J, James H, Swanson J, Kattwinkel J; American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Practice and Ambulatory Medicine, Section on Plastic Surgery and Section on Neurological Surgery. Prevention and management of positional skull deformities in infants. Pediatrics. 2003;112(1 Pt 1):199-202.

 

Peitsch WK, Keefer CH, LaBrie RA, Mulliken JB. Incidence of cranial asymmetry in healthy newborns. Pediatrics. 2002;110(6):e72.

 

Perbeck Klackenberg E, Elfving B, Haglund Y, Brogren Carlberg E.Intra-rater reliability in measuring range of motion in infants with congenital muscular torticollis. Advances in Physiotherapy. 2005;7(2):84-91.

 

Piek JP. Infant motor development. USA: Human Kinetics; 2006.

 

Piper MC, Pinnell LE, Darrah J, Maguire T, Byrne PJ. Construction and validation of the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS). Canadian J Public Health-Supplement 2. 1992:46-50.

 

Piper MC. Darrah J. Motor assessment of the developing infant. 1994. Philadelphia: WB Saunders.

 

Porter SB, Blount WB. Pseudotumor of infancy and congenital muscular torticollis. Am fam phys. 1995;1:1731-1736.

 

Pin T, Eldridge B, Galea MP. A review of the effects of sleep position, play position, and equipment use on motor development in infants. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2007;49:858-867.

 

Raco A, Raimondi AJ, De Ponte, Brunelli A, Bristot R, Bottini DJ, Ianetti G. Congenital torticollis in association with craniosynostosis. Child´s Nerv Syst 1999;15:163-168.

 

Rezasoltan A, Ahmadi A, Jafarigol A, Vikho V. The reliability of measuring neck muscle strength with a neck muscle force measurment device. J Phys Ther Sci. 2003;15:7-12.

 

Rogers GF, Oh AK, Mulliken JB 2009 The role of congenital muscular torticollis in the development of deformational plagiocephaly. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 123: 643652

 

Rosenberg HK, Losik SB, Smergel E. Development dysplasia of the infant hip. Contemp Diagnostic Radio. 2006;29(4):1-8.

 

Rubin DI. Epidemiology and risk factors for spine pain. Neurol Clin. 2007;25(2):353- 371.

 

 

Robertson R. Supine infant positioning--yes, but there's more to it. J Fam Pract. 2011;60:605-608.

 

 

Robinson, S.; Proctor, M. Diagnosis and management of deformational plagiocephaly. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2009;3:284-295.

 

 

Saeed NR, Wall SA, Dhriwal DK. Management of positional plagiocephaly. Arh Dis Child. 2008;93(1):82-84.

 

Salls JS, Silverman LN, Gatty CM. The relationship of infant sleep and play positioning to motor milestone achievement. Am J Occup Ther. 2002;56:577-580.

 

Schertz M, Zuk L, Zin S, Nadam L, Schwarts D, Bienkowski RS. Motor and cognitive development at one-year follow-up in infants with torticollis. Early Human Development. 2008;84(1):9-14.

 

Shumway-Cook A, Woollacott MH. Motor control: theory and practical applications. 3th ed, USA, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2007.

 

Simsek TT, Türkücüoglu B, Cokal N, Ustünbas G, Simsek IE. The effects of Kinesio taping on sitting posture, functional independence and gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy. Disabil Rehabil 2011;33:2058-2063.

 

Stassen LF, Kerwala CJ. New surgical technique for the correction of congenital muscular torticollis (wry neck). Br J Oral Mawillofac Surg. 2000;38(2):142-147.

 

Steffensen BF.Hyde SA, Atterman J, Mattsson E. Reliability of the EK scale functional test for non-ambulatory persons with duchenne dystrophy. Advances in Physiotherapy. 2002;4:37-47.

 

Stellwagen L, Hubbard E, Chambers C, Lyons Jones K. Torticollis, facial asymmetry and plagiocephaly in normal newborns. Arch Dis Child. 2008;93(10):827-31.

 

Strauss Se, Richardson WS, Glasiov P, Haynes RB. Evidence based medicine: How to practice and teach EBM. 3th ed. Edinburgh; New York: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone 2005.

 

Sunderman FW. Current concepts of “normal values”, “reference values” and “discrimination values” in clinical Chemistry. 1975;21(13):1873-1877.

 

Speltz ML, Collett BR, Stott-Miller M, Starr JR, Heike C, Wolfram-Aduan AM, King D, Cunningham ML. Case-control study of neurodevelopment in deformational plagiocephaly. Pediatrics. 2010;125(3):e537-542.

 

Tang SF, Hsu KH, Wong AM, Hsu CC, Chang CH. Longitudinal follow up study of ultrasonography in congenital muscular torticollis. Clin Orthop. 2002(403):179-185.

 

Taylor JL, Stamos Norton E. Developmental muscular torticollis: outcomes in young children treated by physical therapy. Pediatr Phys Ther. 1997;9:173-178.

 

Tecklin JS. Pediatric Physical Therapy. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company; 2008 4th ed.

 

Tien, Su, Lin, Lin. Ultrasonographic study of the coexistence of muscular torticollis and dysplasia of the hip. J Pediatr Orthop. 2001;21:343-347.

 

Thompson JM, Thach BT, Becroft DM, Mitchell EA. Sudden infant death syndrome: risk factors for infants found face down differ from other SIDS cases. J Pediatr. 2006;149:630-633.

 

Walsh JJ, Morrissy RT. Torticollis and hip dislocation. J Pediatr Orthop. 1998;18(2):219- 221.

 

van Adrichem LN, van Vlimmeren LA, Cadanová D, Helbers PJ, Engelbert RH, van Neck HJ, Koning AH  Validation of a simple method for measuring cranial deformities (plagiocephalometry). Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 2008;19: 1521

 

Van Vlimmeren LA, van der Graaf Y, Boere-Boonekamp MM, L´Hoir MP, Helders PJ, Engelbert RHH. Risk factors for deformational plagiocephaly at birth and at seven weeks of age: a prospective cohort study. Pediatrics. 2007;119(2):e408-e418.

 

van Vlimmeren L, Takken T, van Adrichem , van de ger Graaf Y, Helders PJ, Engelbert RH 2006 Plagiocephalometry: A noninvasive method to quantify asymmetry of the skull; A reliability study. European Journal of Pediatrics 165: 149157

 

Vegter F, Hage JJ. Standardized facial photography of cleft patients: just fit the grid? Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2000;37(5):435-440.

 

Wilbrand J-F, Seidl M, Wilbrand M, Streckbein P, Böttger S, Pons-Kuehnemann J, Hahn A, Howaldt H-P. A prospective ransoized trial on preventive methods of positional head deformity: Physiotherapy versus a positioning pillow. J Pediatr 2013 article in press.

 

 

Wilson Jones M. The other side of ”Back to sleep” Neonatal Network. 2003;22:49-53.

 

 

Wei JJ, Schwartz KM, Weaver AL, Orvidas L Pseudotumor of Infancy and Congenital Muscular Torticollis: 170 cases. Lanryngoscope. 2001;111:688-695.

 

Wennergren G. Prevention of sudden infant death syndrome. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2004;Supp 26:110-111.

 

Viera AJ, Garrett JMUnderstanding interobserver agreement: The Kappa statistic. Family Medicine  2005;37: 360363

 

Wirth CJ, Hagena FW, Wuelker N, Siebert WE. Biterminal tenotomy for the treatment of congenital muscular torticollis, J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1992;74(3):427-434.

 

von Heideken J, Green DW, Burke SW, Sindle K, Denneen J, Haglund-Åkerlind Y, Widmann RF. The relationship between developmental dysplasia of the hip and congenital muscular torticollis. J Pediatr Orthop. 2006;26:805-808.

 

Yasukawa A, Patel P, Sisung C. Pilot study: Investigating the effects of kinesio taping in an acute pediatric rehabilitation setting. Am J Occup Ther 2006;60:10.

 

Youdas JW, Garett TR, Suman VJ, Bogard CL, Hallman HO, Carey JR. Normal range of motion of the cervical spine: An intial goniometric study. Phys Ther. 1992;72(11):770-780.

 

Yu CC, Wong FH, Lo LJ, Chen YR. Craniofacial deformity in patients with uncorrected congenital muscular torticollis: an assessment from three-dimensional computed tomography imaging. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004;13(1):24-33.

 

Yu SW, Wang NH, Chin LS, Lo WH. Surgical correction of muscular torticollis in older children. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei). 1995;55(2):168-171.

 

Öhman A, Beckung E. Mapping children born between 1990 and 1996 with an earlier treatment for congenital muscular torticollis. Nord-Fysioter. 2004;8(2):63-73. (in Swedish).

 

Öhman AM, Perbeck Klackenberg EB, Beckung ERE, Haglund-Åkerlind Y. Functional and cosmetic status after surgery in congenital muscular torticollis. Advances in Physiotherapy. 2006;8(4):182-187.

 Öhman A, Beckung E. Functional and cosmetic status in children treated for congenital muscular torticollis as infants. Advances in Physiotherapy. 2005;7(3):135- 40.

Öhman A, Beckung E. Reference values for range of motion and muscle function in the neck—in infants. Pediatr Phys Ther 2008;20:53-58.

 

Öhman A, Nilsson S, Lagerkvist A-L, Beckung E.  Are infants with torticollis at risk for having a delay in achieving early motor milestones compared with a control group of healthy infants? Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 2009;51: 545550.

 

Öhman A, Nilsson S, Beckung E. Validity and reliability of the Muscle Function Scale, aimed to assess the lateral flexors of the neck in infants. Physiother Theory Pract. 2009;25(2):129-137.

 

Öhman A, Nilsson S, Beckung E. Stretching treatment for infants with Congenital Muscular Torticollis physiotherapist or parents, the treatment dilemma. PM&R 2010;2(12):1073-1079

 

Öhman A, Mårdbrink E-L, Stensby J, Beckung E. Evaluation of treatment strategies for muscle function in infants with congenital muscular torticollis. Physiotherapy Theory Practice 2011;27(7):463-470.

 

Öhman A. Inter rater and intra rater reliability of the modified severity scale for assessment of plagiocephaly, among physical therapists. Physiother Theory Pract. 2012;28(5):402-6.

 

Öhman A. The Immediate Effect of Kinesiology Taping on Muscular Imbalance for Infants With Congenital Muscular Torticollis . PM&R in press14 June 2012

 

Öhman A, Beckung E. A pilot study on changes in passive range of motion in the cervical spine, for children aged 0-5 years. Physiother Theory Pract. 2012 early on line 1-4.

 

Öhman A. A specially designed pillow may be used as treatment for young infants with developmental plagiocephaly. Health 2013;5(12):2064-2067.

 

Öhman A. The status of the cervical spine in preschool children with a history of congenital muscular torticollis.  Open J Therapy Rehab . 2013;1 (2):31-35.

 

Öhman A. Kinesiology taping a therapeutic tool in the paediatric population? Novel Physiotherapy. 2013;3:5.

 

Öhman A, Mårdbrink E-L, Orefelt C, Seager A, Tell L, Arrenhius Klackenberg. The Physical Therapy Assessment and Management of Infants with Congenital Muscular Torticollis. A Survey and a Suggested Assessment Protocol for CMT. J Novel Physiotherapy. 2013,3:4.

 

Öhman A. A pilot study, a specially designed pillow may prevent developmental plagiocephaly by reducing pressure from the infant head. Health 2013;5(6A2):32-37.

 

Öhman A, Beckung E. Children who had congenital torticollis as infants are not at a higher risk of a delay in motor developmentat at preschool age. PM&R Early in press. 22 May 2013.